Chronology

Food baits

• 1947: Early: agee jars and treacle tills baited with clensel or vanilla–ammonia; later 200 glass invaginated (McPhail) traps with orange rind extract/animonia in solution
• 1951: 500 McPhail traps with ammonia–vanilla lure
• 1952: Oil of angelica plant and seed tried for 2 years
• 1954: Lure reverted to ammonia–vanilla
• 1962: Protein hydrolysate–vanilla–ammonium chloride lure, use of supplementary traps around infested trees
• 1979: Trial of protein 50% and added water 50% was not successful as a lure
• 1983: Low salt protein autolysate replaced hydrolysate in the lure

Male lures and dry traps – Qfly

• 1957: Test with anisyl acetone as a lure; invaginate glass traps with Staley’s protein bait No.7 and maldison
• 1960: 449 Bateinan traps introduced with Willison’s lure on a 1/2 mile grid in metropolitan area
• 1962: Unsuccessful test of ammonium carbonate–orange as a lure
• 1963: 1/4 mile grid in metropolitan utilising 1290 traps
• 1964: Change to cuelure maldison and alcohol as the attractant; 3.5cc on the wick; trap numbers increased to 1382
• 1965: Trap density increased to 40 per square mile over entire metropolitan area (1440); also at Pt. Augusta (30) and Pt. Pirie (38)
• 1973: 1875 traps being serviced
• 1974: Density of traps increased to 50 per square mile
• 1976: Pt. Pirie grid extended to 71 traps; monitoring of Riverland area first discussed
• 1979: Steiner trap; Queensland modification replaced the Bateman trap using 5cc of cuelure and maldison on the wick
• 1981: Metropolitan grid reorganised and increased to 2172 traps and also Pt. Augusta 1083 traps; 137 traps installed at Whyalla
• 1982: New grids at Ceduna with 34 traps and in a risk area at Bern with 9 traps
• 1983: New grid at Port Lincoln (75) and Renmark (22), test of 10 Jackson traps in metropolitan area, improved distribution of metropolitan grid with trap numbers increased to 2280
• 1985: Jackson ‘sticky’ traps replaced Steiner traps
• 1986: Grid of 341 traps installed in Riverland towns and orchards at 400m grid and 1 per sq km in commercial orchards; addition of 290 traps to southern metropolitan area; Trap numbers in S.A. metropolitan 2604, Port Pirie 80, Port Augusta 92, Whyalla 135, Port Lincoln 64, Ceduna 35, Riverland 345; Total 3355 traps
• 1991: Lynfield dry trap replaced the Jackson ‘sticky’ trap for Qfly For both pest species:
• 1992: Trapping grid removed from Port Lincoln
• 1994: Trap numbers in the State were: metropolitan 2604, Port Pirie 84, Port Augusta 81, Whyalla 120, Ceduna 32, Riverland 343; Total 3264

Male lure and dry traps – Medfly

• 1948: Invaginated glass traps with orange rind extract–ammonia as a lure
• 1950: Lure changed to vanilla and ammonia
• 1957: invaginate glass traps with medlire ENT 21484
• 1961: 391 glass traps on 1/2 mile grid in metropolitan area with trimedlure
• 1962: Test using ‘dack–pots’ was not successful
• 1963: Steiner trap replaced the invaginate glass trap at 1/4 mile grid in metropolitan area, with an attractant of trimedlure and glycerine; tray in the trap contained lindane 20% and chlordane l52
• 1964: 1386 traps at a density of 40 per square mile
• 1965: Trap numbers in (he State were: metropolitan 1440, Port Augusta 75, Renmark 6, Bern 6, Waikeric 6, l.oxton 6.
• 1966: 38 traps at Port Pirie; 7cc of trimedlure on wick
• 1970: Israeli traps replace Steiner trap; attractant mixture trimedlure 4000mL, DDVP 93% 40mL with 5cc in each wick
• 1974: 1875 traps being serviced
• 1980: New grid of 137 traps at Whyalla due to outbreak
• 1981: Metropolitan grid reorganised and increased to 2172
• 1982: New grid of 34 traps at Ceduna, due to outbreak; 9 traps in a risk area at Bern
• 1983: Improved distribution of metropolitan grid with trap numbers increased to 2172; new grid at Port Lincoln (75) and Renmark (22)
• 1985: Jackson ‘sticky’ traps replaced Israeli traps
• 1986: Capilure® replaced trimedlure; addition of 290 traps to southern metropolitan area; trap numbers in S.A. metropolitan 2604, Port Pirie 89. Port Augusta 92, Whyalla 135, Port Lincoln 64, Ceduna 35, Riverland 345. Total 3355 traps
• 1992 and 1994: See above

Bait sprays

• 1947: 2oz (56.6g) tartar emetic, 2lb (0.91kg) brown sugar, 4 gals (15.14L) waler 6f1 oz/spot/7days
• 1948: DDT 0.1% (2lbs of 5O%wp DDT in 100 gal water); also applied on ground where windfalls were suspected of being infested with larvae; two sprayers operated from each power unit, each with a 250 ft length of hose attached; by 1950, Department had 6 power units
• 1957: 0.15% maldison; 0.2% imported yeast hydrolysate; 1 quart (1.4L) Staley protein insect bait No.7, 2lb (0.91kg) maldison 25% WP, sugar, 15.14L (4 gals) water every 7 days
• 1963: sugar not added
• 1965: 340g (0.4%) protein hydrolysate, 255g (0.35%) maldison 25% WP, in 15.4L (4 gals) water at 150mL/tree
• 1971: 283g (10oz) protein hydrolysate. 255g (9oz) maldison 13.6L(3 gals) water at, 1/2 pint tree
• 1972: protein–maldison spot, technique seriously examined; 4g (0.14oz) active protein hydrolysate, 1g (0.035oz) active maldison, 100mL (3.5fl oz) water
• 1974: baiting failure, as mixture was: 56g actual instead of 620g protein hydrolysate 21%, 70g actual instead of 154g maldison 25% in 13.2L (3.5 gal) water
• 1974/75: 1L protein autolysate (420 g/L protein), 142mL maldison 115wv, 16L water at 50 spots/ha, twice weekly in inner area, once in outer area area
• 1981: 850mL protein autolysate, 147m1 maldison, 115wv, 16L water
• 1982: 1L low salt protein autolysate, 420 g/L protein, 174 mL maldison 115 WV, 18.8L water at 100 spots/ha or 6–8 spots (100mL/spot) each yard

Ground and cover sprays

• 1947: Sweetened tartar emetic plus water
• 1948: DDT 2lbs of 50%wp, 100 gal (45.6L) water; idea of spraying by air abandoned; arsenical spray for boxthorn
• 1957: 0–1/4 mile, DDT every 14 days as cover spray, including winter and spring; 1/4–1 mile, DDT every 21 days; DDT under infested trees; review of use of DDT because of harmful side effects
• 1962: 0–1/4 mile, fenthion at 0.0590 as cover spray every 4 weeks including winter; dieldrin under infested trees
• 1963: 0–1/4 mile, fenthion first spray 0.08% then 0.04% every 4 weeks
• 1972: Cover spraying less acceptable and cards left with householders
• 1973: 0–1/4 mile, fenthion every 14 days
• 1974: 200 to 400m fenthion at 0.16% for Medfly, 3 applications at 10–day intervals
• 1980: Chlordane as ground treatment replaced DDT
• 1987: Chlorpyrifos replaced chlordane

Removal of fruit

• 1947: 0–1 mile, primary hosts then secondary hosts, summer and winter fruit
• 1949: 0–1 mile, commercial growers could remove fruit
• 1953: 0–1 mile, commercial growers outside 3/4 mile radius could remove fruit; petition to register gardens not accepted
• 1957/58: 0–1 mile, ripe primary hosts, then remainder 2 weeks later
• 1963: 0–1/4 mile, primary and secondary hosts; 1/4–1 mile, primary hosts; 0–1 mile, removal of citrus in winter; planting prohibited of host that would fruit before 1st October; planting of tomatoes only by permit
• 1967: 0–1/4 mile, host fruit at risk
• 1971: Stripping deleted, later resumed to 0–1/8 mile
• 1975: Only infested and host trees where infested trees found; for 0–1/8 mile radius, fruit removed if not cover–sprayed (Medfly)

Disposal of fruit

• 1947: Fruit to Council incinerator in Halifax Street; bagged fruit dumped at sea 15–20 miles from Glenelg; later, fruit dumped at sea 3 miles from Outer Harbour; green plants burnt at Magill
• 1948: Bagged fruit treated with DDT before dumping
• 1957: Green plants burnt at Dry Creek, then Wingfield
• 1957/58: At Pt. Augusta, fruit placed in holes dug by ETSA at Curlew Point
• 1967: Fruit and green plants treated with dieseline and DDT; buried at Tea Tree Gully dump
• 1975: Revised program meant little fruit for disposal; fruit treated with maldison, into plastic bags, buried 2 metres deep, under Departmental supervision.