American foulbrood
American foulbrood (AFB) is a highly infectious disease, caused by the bacterium Paenibacillus larvae.
It is a notifiable disease and must be reported immediately.
Beekeepers are reminded to be vigilant against AFB and test their hives. Learn how to submit honey samples as part of the requirement for beekeeper registration.
Background
The disease is present in Australia and detected occasionally in mainland South Australia.
Kangaroo Island is a protected biosecurity zone and honey bee sanctuary, considered free from any established presence of AFB. In late November 2022, AFB was detected in hives on the island.
PIRSA has begun surveillance sampling to contain and eradicate the infection, working closely with Kangaroo Island apiarists.
Impacts
If unmanaged, AFB kills honey bee brood, hives, and ultimately whole apiaries. It can be easily spread via:
- honey bees
- honey bee products
- hive materials
- apiary equipment or appliances.
While AFB can have a significant impact on the health of affected honey bees, it does not affect the honey they produce – this remains a safe food product to eat.
Identification
Early and accurate diagnosis of this disease is essential for effective control. Signs of an AFB infection include:
- sunken or perforated cappings
- discoloured brood – typically light or dark brown
- brood found on the bottom of the cell
- remains that are ropey, or dried scales adhering to the bottom of the cell.
Apiarists must inspect all hives for AFB and report any suspect signs to prevent an outbreak.