biodiversity (biological diversity)
The variety of life forms represented by plants, animals and other organisms and micro-organisms, the genes that they contain, and the ecosystems and ecosystem processes of which they form a part.
Natural Resources Management Act 2004.

bridge
A structure spanning and providing passage over a gap or barrier, such as a river or roadway.

buffer zone
A non-plantation area that is generally undisturbed and vegetated, providing a separation distance between a water resource or native vegetation and forest operations, with the aim of protection from potential detrimental impact. The buffer width is defined as a ground distance from which various operations are excluded. Access is limited to fire protection and fire management equipment. Irregular, minor machinery access is permitted following an appropriate risk assessment for the protection of soil and water quality. There may be cases where forest plantations have historically been planted in a buffer zone. In such cases these trees may be felled from within a buffer zone following an appropriate risk assessment for the protection of soil and water quality.

clearfelling
Final harvesting operation in an area of plantation forest involving the cutting down of all trees.

chopper rolling
The physical breakdown of waste plantation material by a chopper roller being driven over the material.

competition control
The management of unwanted vegetation in a forest plantation.

culvert
A drain/pipe crossing under a road or embankment

debris
The branches and defect logs that remain on-site after a clearfelling operation.

drain
A constructed depression or channel designed to remove water from a site with discharge linkages to watercourses or wetlands. Normally drains will be part of a larger gazetted drainage network. Minor paddock scale drains designed to facilitate forest establishment that do not discharge into watercourses or wetlands, are not considered in this definition.

drainage line
A drainage line is a lower category of watercourse that does not have a clearly defined bed or bank. It carries water only during or immediately after periods of heavy rainfall, and riparian vegetation may or may not be present.

establishment
The planting of seedlings or cuttings to produce a tree crop. It also encompasses the immediate pre- and post-planting phases of site preparation, competition control and fertiliser application.

extraction
The removal of logs from within a forest area to an adjacent roadside or firebreak.

farm forestry
The combination of forestry activity with cropping and/or livestock production. The focus of the forestry activity is primarily commercial, although there may also be other objectives including shade and shelter for stock or crops, natural resources management including soil and water protection, habitat conservation, landscape, and amenity values. Farm forestry can take many forms, including plantations on farms, woodlots, timber-belts, alleys, wide-spaced tree plantings and sustainably managed private native forests. Farm forestry plantations are predominantly of a smaller scale than industrial plantations and may have less emphasis on timber or fibre production as primary outputs.

Importantly, farm forestry is practiced by farmers and other landholders, using the resources and knowledge available to them. The farmer or landholder makes the critical decisions, from establishment and management to marketing of products and services.
Farm Forestry National Action Statement, August 2005

filter zone
An undisturbed and vegetated area adjacent to a drainage line retained to minimise soil disturbance, compaction and erosion. Plantation trees may generally be planted and harvested subject to a risk assessment for the protection of soil and water quality. Cultivation, competition control and planting are limited to ‘spot’ operations. The filter zone is defined as the ground distance from which various operations are excluded.

firebreak
An effectively fuel-reduced area primarily managed to retard or prevent the spread of fire.

Fleurieu swamp
The swamps of the Fleurieu Peninsula are localised wetlands occurring in high rainfall areas in the local catchment areas of Tookayerta, Hindmarsh, Parawa, Myponga, Yankalilla, Onkaparinga, Currency Creek and Finniss.

ford
A shallow place in a watercourse where vehicle crossing is possible.

forestry
See plantation forestry.

groundwater (underground water)
Water occurring naturally below the ground surface.

harvesting
The felling of trees; the cutting, snigging, preparing, sorting, loading or carting of plant material from trees which have been felled or which are fallen.

haulage
The transport of logs or woodchips from the forest edge to a wood processing plant or port.

heap/windrow
Debris from previous farming and forestry activities (usually tree branches and defect log left on-site after a clearfelling operation) heaped into rows, ready for disposal (usually by burning).

lake
A natural lake, pond, lagoon, lagoon, wetland or spring (whether modified or not) and includes:

• part of a lake; or
• a body of water designated as a lake by an Natural Resources Management Plan or Development Plan (under the Development Act 1993).
  Natural Resources Management Act 2004.

land capability
The ability of land to accept a type and intensity of use with minimum risk of permanent damage to the soil resource

land capability classification system
A planning system than enables land uses to be allocated to appropriate landscapes according to the risk of soil erosion, and other forms of land degradation.

logging
See harvesting.

log landing
This includes log dumps, roadside bays, log yard or other area used for cutting up, debarking, measuring, sawing, storing and the loading of logs.

mounding
Planting row with a continuous raised bed (mound) often centred over a rip line.

plantation forestry
A forest plantation where the forest vegetation is grown or maintained so that it can be harvested or used for commercial purposes (including through the commercial exploitation of the carbon absorption capacity of the forest vegetation).
Natural Resources Management (General) Regulations 2005.

saturated zone
The zone associated with the drainage line where the soil is muddy or permeated with water. The zone ends where moisture is no longer visibly present in the soil.

sinkhole (doline, swallow hole)
Steep-sided, enclosed depression formed through collapse in a limestone region. It is normally located at a site of increased joint density, which focuses drainage passing vertically through the rock. It enlarges by solution (carbonation) and by collapse. A shaft may lead from its floor to a cave system.
Oxford Dictionary of Geosciences 1991

In this guideline, sinkholes are further delineated by the potential for draining surface water to have no-direct or direct connection with an aquifer.

site preparation
The range of activities undertaken to prepare an area for the planting of a tree crop. This can include a combination of activities including slash treatment, heaping and burning, and cultivation (ripping, ploughing, mounding and spot cultivation).

slash management
The management of waste material from a farm or previous plantation. This may include chopper rolling or other forms of breaking down the waste material.

spot cultivation
Soil tillage at the planting site for each seedling.

stream
See watercourse

strip cultivation
Soil tillage (including any combination of ripping, ploughing and mounding) in a line across an area of land in preparation for planting seedlings.

strip weed control
Weed control method applied in the direction of plantation rows, leaving untreated strips between rows, usually applied in the form of herbicide.

surface water

1. Water flowing over land (except in a watercourse):
   • after having fallen as rain or hail or having precipitated in any other manner; or
   • after rising to the surface naturally from underground
2. Water of the kind referred to in 1. that has been collected in a dam or reservoir.
3. Water of the kind referred to in 1. that is contained in any stormwater infrastructure; Natural Resources Management Act 2004.

watercourse
A river, stream, creek or other natural watercourse (whether modified or not) in which water is contained or flows whether permanently or from time to time and includes:

• a dam or reservoir that collects water flowing in a watercourse
• a lake through which water flows
• a channel into which the water of a watercourse has been diverted
• part of a watercourse
• an estuary through which water flows
• any other natural resource, or class of natural resource, designated as a watercourse for the purposes of the Natural Resources Management Act 2004 by a Natural Resources Management Plan.
  Natural Resources Management Act 2004

In this guideline, watercourses are further defined as first, second, third or fourth order watercourses, according to the Horton-Strahler rules. The ordering of watercourse begins at the source and increases as further branches are added to the network.

A first order watercourse has no tributaries; a second order watercourse is the confluence of two first-order watercourses. Third, fourth and higher order watercourses are major watercourses.

wetland
An area that comprises land that is permanently or periodically inundated with water (whether through a natural or artificial process) where the water may be static or flowing and may range from fresh water to saline water, and where the inundation with water influences the biota or ecological processes (whether permanently or from time to time) and includes any other area designated as a wetland by a Natural Resources Management Plan or by a Development Plan under the Development Act 1993, but does not include a dam or reservoir that has been constructed by a person wholly or predominantly for the provision of water for primary production or human consumption or an area within an estuary or within any part of the sea.
Natural Resources Management Act 2004.